Feasibility Study of PET Bottle Recycling in Order to
Produce Unsaturated Polyester Resin.
GhasemAli Omrani
Manochehr Vosoughie
Roya Gholami mafie
Collage of environment, Science & Research Campus, Islamic
Post-consumer waste poly (ethylene terephthalate), PET, scraps were
glycolyzed at different reaction times and different weight ratios of 37.5 to
62.5% PET by using propylene glycol, PG. It was shown that the effect of
catalyst presence is significant upon the acceleraion of depolymerization. Two
grades of virgin and waste PET was used to compare the
depolymerization behaviour by using PG, which showed the exact similarity. The
free glycol of the resulted glyco-esters was removed. FTIR, GPC and DSC
techniques were used to characterize the glycolization products, and hydroxyl
value determination was used to specify the extent of the reaction. The results
showed that the some PET chains have been broken down and hydroxyl-terminated
end gropus have been formed on the oligomeric chains.
A relative decrease in molecular weight and viscosity at same PET
concentrations by increasing the reaction time indicated that the PET chains
have been broken The results of free
glycol removal and hydroxyl value tests confirmed that about 12 to 25% of PG have been used up to
break the PET chains.
The resulted oligomeric glycolizates can be readily used in formulation
of unsaturated resins and specific types of polyurethanes.
Department
of Environmental Health Engineering,
Hamid Rahimipour
Department of Environmental
Engineering,
Chitgar
artificial lake, located in urban District – 22 Municipality of Tehran
northwest of Tehran, is by volume l0 MCM,by depth
average 10m and by area 225 ha as the
Nasrin Chobkar
Hosein Emadi
Islamic
Iranian Fisheries Research
Organization
The research aims
to investigate effects of application of trichlorfon toxin on different
treatments with concentrations of the obsectine of this study was to
investigate the effects of applicational trichlosfon toxin on different
treatments using concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 ppm. Also
effects of introduction of fish larvae in different times after toxin spraying
(24, 48 and 72 hours) on growth of the larvae and fry also studied .
Vase incubators
were used for three days larvae of Kutum. The experiment was conducted without
use of flowing water. The results were tested statically using analysis of
variance.
A second set of
experiments were run after vase experiment to look at the effects of
trichlorfon on fish fry growth. The fries were placed in separate net
copartments in earth ponds to grow.
The statistical
results of pond experiment showed that in the beginning of the period, trichlorfon
toxin decreased growth of fish, Then growth was normal. Towards the end of the
experiment, lower growth was observed in treatments having toxin with higher
concentration of the toxin.
Also statistical difference was significant for growth, as when the fish larvae were introduced into ponds after 72 hours after spraying, best growth was observed.
Estimating
maximum daily temperature using NOAA satellite images- Case study in Oroomieh
lake basin
Ali Rahimi Khoob*
Mahdi Kouchak Zade*
Foroud Sharifi
Jamal Mohammad Vali Samani
*Faculty of Agriculture,
Air temperature, as measured at
standard meteorological stations, is an important climatologically variable and
since these stations are collected as point samples, their data are not
applicable for regional purposes. Therefore these data are necessary to be
converted or modified to a regional data. Land surface temperature and
vegetation index have the most correlation with air temperature and can be
estimated by satellite images. Thus, for retrieving air temperature at regional
scale regression models have been used where the input variables are land
surface temperature and vegetation index. In this study three regression
models; linear ordinary, linear multiple and non-linear multiple in estimating
maximum air temperature are used and compared. In multiple regression models,
in addition to variables mentioned above, also geographic variables used as
model inputs. Land surface temperature and normalized deference vegetation
index (NDVI) has been estimated using NOAA satellite images. The
results show that non-linear multiple regression model has the highest
precision among the models where the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean
absolute error (MAE) estimated are equal to 1.57°C and 1.3°C, respectively.
Emulsion and Sorption Oil Spills by Expanded Perlite types: A0,
Afshar Alihossini
Dariush Bastani
Department of Engineering
Sciences and Technology,
Department of Chemical
Engineering,
In this study; four types of
expanded perlites (A0, A1, AH, A2)
were used to sorption oil spill. These four types are different on their porous
space, expansion ability and special surface area. The tests were done in
laboratory bench scale and in static and dynamic models. Experiments show that
perlite is spread on oil spill rapidly and
is floated on the surface of oil spill because of its
low weight (40-200 kg/m^3)
and high porous space. According to kinetic study
sorption of oil spill is took place in the initiation of spreading of perlite
on oil spill. One of the perlite types, A0, is clotted during
sorption of oil spill and in this situation is removed from the surface of
water easily. A0 sorption capacity is 7ml oil/1gr perlite. A0
can emulsify oil spill that is 25 times heavier than its own weight, so that
microorganisms can degrade it readily.
J.Env.Sci. Tech., Winter 2005, No.23
A
Scientific Report about Bats in
Hossein Zohuri
Mahmoode Karami
Mozafar Sharefi
A study was
conducted to determine species diversity and distribution of bats in Qeshm
island ,Persian golf, from autumn 1999 to spring 2002. The roosting areas were
identified and bats were captured by different means such as mist net and
fishing nets set up by the locale people to protect the palm fruits against the
fruit bats .
Identification of
the bat species were done by morphometric and cranial measurements. Five
species of bats were identified ; one frugivore (Rousettus aegyptiacus ) and
four insectivores ;
Rhinopoma muscatellum
Taphozus perforatus
Asellia tridens
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Although the
existence of fruit bat had been reported so many years ago, the fruit bat (
Rousettus aegyptiacus ) was captured in this study for the first time vy the
authors . No insectivore bat was reported before from Qeshm island .This was the first report of the 4
insectivorous bats in Qeshm .
Based
on statistical analysis, Pipistrellus pipistrellus should to have
intrapopulation variation.
J.Env.Sci. Tech., Winter 2005, No.23
Biosorption of Azo
dyes reactive Red from Industrial Infusion by dried activated sludge
Absorption of active dyes with Azo
base (Active Red) is made by passing from dried active sludge. During performed
tests, which was with changing of initial pH-gram of adsorbent matter –changing
in shaker speed and initial dye concentration as well as investigation of
kinetic changes and their effects on absorption rute show that equilibrium
models follow from detailed equation of Freundlish & Longmuir well.the
highest percent of absorption which obtained in these testes for the color of
active red in concentration of 40 mg/lit is equal to 61.12% with absorbed gram
2.5 in pH=2.
Adsorption stage of Azo dyes follows
the second-degree kinetics and it was specified that the capacity of adsorption
is relatively high. (pH<6)
The high correlation coefficient,
R>0.989, showed that this method is suitable.
The adsorption method
was used for absorbance of dyes the bucteries in the sludge were subject to
growth, then it was dried for 24 hours fewer than 60º
c.
J.Env.Sci. Tech., Winter 2005, No.23
A Survey of Wastewater Quality
and Quantity in the Food and Pharmaceutical Industries of
Amir Hossein Mahvi , Simin
Nasseri*
*Department
of Environmental Health Engineering,
Mohammad Mossaferi
Department of Environmental Health Engineering,
Mostafa Hosseini
Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, School of Public Health Institut of Public Health Research,
Key Words: Wastewater,Food,Pharmaceutical Industries,
Abstract
Considering importance of industrial wastewater and related environmental
pollutions, this study was carried out to evaluate quantity and quality of
wastewater of 20 food and pharmaceutical factories among 77 industries
(comprise totally 20.3% of industries). For quantitative evaluation, consumed
water and generated wastewater and for qualitative evaluation BOD5
and TSS were studied. The results showed that 20 Studied
food and pharmaceutical factories consume 7,876,346 m3 water
annually, of Which 25 – 95% with average 69% was converted to wastewater and
the total annual rate of wastewater produced in both types of industries was
5,454,154m3. It is estimated that annual water consumption and
wastewater generation for all of food and pharmaceutical industries of