The Ecological Effects using Tritium Fuel in Nuclear
Fusion
Elahe Alizadeh
Nowadays, nuclear fusion reaction
taken place in systems as fusion Reactors, are the base of a lot of widespread
researches to achievement a new source of energy. Although using these kind of reactors is very
beneficial, the optimum usage of them requires sever attention to their effects
on human being and his environment. It is shown that the best fuel for fusion
reactors is tritium. Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen with
12.32-year half-life that emits beta radiation. Although its specific activity
is relatively weak because of its gaseous state, it can leak easily Its
ecological effects should be considered . In all around the world, in order to improving
safety and reliability of these reactors, researcher groups expandedly
investigate radiation hazards resulting
from release of tritium and activation products during normal operations as
well as accidental conditions. Some of the most significant results and safety
aspects are briefly presented in this
paper.
Mohammad Reza Sabour
Amir Mohamedifard
The sources of hospital wast were
studied. The main types of hospital waste have been recognized. The amount of
hospital waste in each category: Chemical biological … was estimated for all
province as well as the cities in the country. The results show that if the
separation of the hospital wast carry out according to the standards, the
amount will be estimated 139787 and 698877 tons until the year 2008 and 2028,
respectively.
Majid Shafipoor
Sayyed Amir Naser Harati
Environment Department
of
E-mail :
[email protected]
Getting 5.7% growth in the economy
has been one of the most important objectives that the government of I.R.Iran
was following during the 3rd 5 years development plan. Each year
energy is consumed more than the last year and the price of oil and gas energy
is usually less than the real prices. In this study the importance of
increasing energy prices was investigated. Increasing energy prices have some
influences on economic and social issues, especially on environment. For
development of energy, the experts have recommended 4 methods. All methods were
analyzed and assessed social, economical and environmental impacts. Field
surveys also have been done by direct interviews. The results showed that many
people believed that the increases in fossil fuel prices cause inflation, but
the negative impacts may be controled. Advantages and disadvantages of each
recommended method has been discussed
Elham Ardalani
Faculty of Environment,
Science & Research campus, Islamic
Sayyed Mahmood Shariat
Mahmood Ali Mohammadi
Methyl
tertiary – butyl ether (MTBE) is the most common fuel oxygenate and octane
booster currently used in unleaded gasoline in
Besides
the above advantages, the water solubility of MTBE is so high, therefore it has
high mobility downward in soil because it dose not readily adsorb or attach on
soil. It is readily soluble in water it can reach ground water quickly and
easily.
The
main contributors of gasoline containing MTBE into the subsurface environment
of soil are underground storage tanks (UST) , pipelines and refueling
facilities.
The
drinking water sources Polluted by an undesirable taste and odors when it’s
concentration range between 20-40ppb. In this case high clean up costs is
needed for remediation.
In
this project MTBE was detected in soil and water sources around gasoline pump
stations in
All
the samples were collected from wells near the pump stations, 2 samples from
surface water and 2 samples from soil was accordance to determine the
concentration of MTBE on surface.
The analyzing method in this project purge & Trap
/ GC / MS Method, which was recommended by USEPA in 2001 for analyzing soil and
water samples. The high detectable Concentration of MTBE belonged to samples,
which were collected from wells next to huge storage tanks of
They
were about 0.94ppm and 0.34 ppm.
There
were no detectable MTBE in soil samples because after leakage it tends to
migrate downward the soil.
Laboratory
duplicates and field duplicates were done for two samples to give a measure of
the precision associated with laboratory procedures and sample collection and
preserving.
The
concentration of MTBE in two samples of surface water were 11ppb and 6 ppb .
The reason may be due to MTBE spills from repair shops or it is because of used
motor oil which spills to the surface water.
Determination of Mathematical Model for Distribution
of
Dissolved Oxygen in Activated Sludge System
Sayyed Ahmad Mirbagheri
Siamak Boodaghpoor
The objective aim of
this research was to predict dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in a full
scale activated sludge reactor. So tested a function for oxygen transfer.
The
activated sludge model No.1 was used to describe the biochemical processes.The
function of dissolved Oxygen was used by first- order differential equations.
This model was simulated by MATLAB Software. The simulated model was tested for
a laboratory pilot and shahrak Ghods treatment plant. The obtained results
confirmed the data obtained from the model and the experimental one.
J.Env.Sci. Tech., Autumn 2004, No.22
Jafar Noori
Department of
Environmental Health Engineering , School of Public Health and Institute of
Public Health Research , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , P.O.B.
14155-6446.
Hamid Rahimipour
According
to the natural and man-made environment of Tehran and based on government
approval, the largest artificial lake located in far northwest of great Tehran
and into the new made District-22 of Tehran Municipality is being designed.
This region with and area of about 10000 hectares has been planned as a last
connatural limitation of